Dalam TOEFL ITP untuk soal written expression, posisi so
, such
dan too
kadang dibalik-balik. Kadang so
yang mestinya digunakan, justru malah such
yang dimasukkan, begitupun untuk kata too
. Secara umum, bisa dikatakan ke tiga kata ini memiliki makna sepadan yaitu begitu
atau sangat
. Olehnya, dalam belajar structure TOEFL, perlu mengetahui perbedaan so, such, dan too.
So dan such
Kata so
merupakan adverb
, sementara kata such
ialah determiner
. Olehnya, so
diikuti dengan kata adjective/adjective phrase
, sementara such
diikuti dengan kata noun/noun phrase
.
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Kata so
juga digunakan ketika ada noun
yang sebelumnya diikuti kata much/many/little/few.
- This city has so few doctors.
- This city has such few doctors. (x)
- So many students came to the seminar.
- Such many students came to the seminar. (x)
Catatan: kata much/many/little/few
hanya digunakan ketika ada noun setelahnya.
- This assignment is so much hard. (x)
- This assignment is so hard.
Berikut beberapa contoh soal TOEFL ITP terkait so
dan such
Settlers streamed into Connecticut River towns in so large numbers between 1765 and 1790 that they nearly doubled the population of Hampshire County, Massachusetts.
Mercury is so much close to the Sun that it is usually invisible in the glare of the Sun’s rays.
Many dinosaurs were so much heavy that they spent most of their lives in swamps and shallow lakes where water could support them.
So dan too
Posisiso
juga kadang secara salah digantikan oleh too
. Ke dua kata ini merupakan adverb
, sehingga sama-sama diikuti dengan adjective
. Contoh:
- The cake is too sweet. (terlalu manis)
- The cake is so sweet. (begitu manis)
Cara membedakan ke duanya ialah dengan melihat pola keterangan setelahnya. Contoh:
- The cake is
too
sweetto
be eaten. - The cake is
so
sweetthat
I cannot continue to eat it. - The cake is
so
sweetto
be eaten. (x) (too
…to
) - The cake is
too
sweetthat
I cannot continue to eat it. (x) (so
…that
)
Kata too
diikuti oleh to infinitive
, sementara kata so
diikuti oleh that clause
.
Contoh soal ITP:
Pure flint is too hard and even-grained that it chips in smooth curved flakes.
Nitrogen and oxygen are too important that most living organisms cannot survive without these elements.
Some types of ferns resemble trees and some are too small that they look like moss.